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kokonohp
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English literature Empty
PostSubject: English literature   English literature Icon_minitimeMon Nov 01, 2010 7:20 am

Early authors wrote in Latin such as Bede and Alcuin.[233] The period of Old English literature provided the epic poem Beowulf, the secular prose the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,[234] along with Christian writings such as Judith, Cædmon's Hymn and saintly hagiographies.[233] Following the Norman conquest Latin continued amongst the educated classes, as well as an Anglo-Norman literature.

Middle English literature emerged with Geoffrey Chaucer author of The Canterbury Tales, along with Gower, the Pearl Poet and Langland. Franciscans, William of Ockham and Roger Bacon were major philosophers of the Middle Ages. Julian of Norwich with her Revelations of Divine Love was a prominent Christian mystic. With the English Renaissance literature in the Early Modern English style appeared. William Shakespeare, whose works include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night's Dream, remains one of the most championed authors in English literature.[235]

Marlowe, Spenser, Sydney, Kyd, Donne, Jonson are other established authors of the Elizabethan age.[236] Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes wrote on empiricism and materialism, including scientific method and social contract.[236] Filmer wrote on the Divine Right of Kings. Marvell was the best known poet of the Commonwealth,[237] while John Milton authored Paradise Lost during the Restoration.

Some of the most prominent philosophers from the Enlightenment were Locke, Paine, Johnson and Benthem. More radical elements were later countered by Edmund Burke who is regarded as the founder of conservatism.[239] The poet Alexander Pope with his satirical verse became well regarded. The English played a significant role in romanticism—Coleridge, Byron, Keats, M Shelley, PB Shelley, Blake and Wordsworth were major figures.[240]

In response to the Industrial Revolution, agrarian writers looked to find a way between liberty and tradition; Cobbett, Chesterton and Belloc were main exponents, while founder of guild socialism, Penty and cooperative movement advocate Cole are somewhat related.[241] Empiricism continued through Mill and Russell, while Williams was involved in analytics. Authors from around the time of the Victorian era include Dickens, the Brontë sisters, Austen, Kipling, Wells, and Underhill.[242] Since then England has continued to produce novellists such as C. S. Lewis, Orwell, Blyton, Christie, J. R. R. Tolkien, and J. K. Rowling.[243]

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