Electric power and electronics

Caesium vapor thermionic generators are low-power devices that convert heat energy to electrical energy. In the two-electrode vacuum tube converter, it neutralizes the space charge that builds up near the cathode, and in doing so, it enhances the current flow.[65]
Caesium is also important for its photoemissive properties by which light energy is converted to electron flow. It is used in photoelectric cells because caesium-based cathodes such as the intermetallic compound K2CsSb have low threshold voltage for emission of electrons.[66] The range of photoemissive devices using caesium include optical character recognition devices, photomultiplier tubes, and video camera tubes.[67][68] Nevertheless, germanium, rubidium, selenium, silicon, tellurium, and several other elements can substitute caesium in photosensitive materials.[6]
Caesium iodide (CsI) and bromide (CsBr) crystals are employed in scintillation counters widely used in mineral exploration and particle physics research as they are well suited for the detection of gamma and x-ray radiation. Caesium vapor is used in many common magnetometers.[69] The element is also used as an internal standard in spectrophotometry.[70] Like other alkali metals, caesium has a great affinity for oxygen and is used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes.[71] Other uses of the metal include high-energy lasers, vapor glow lamps, and vapor rectifiers.[6]


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The latest versions in the United States and France are accurate to 1.7 parts in 1015, which means they would be off by about 4 seconds since the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,[6] and has been regarded as "the most accurate realization of a unit that mankind has yet achieved."[60]




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